MLA STYLE GUIDE

PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS or CITING SOURCES WITHIN THE TEXT

ENDNOTES AND FOOTNOTES [7.5]

WORKS CITED

MLA style requires that the list of Works Cited start on a new page following the text of the paper.

• Center the title, Works Cited, one inch from the top.

• Continue the page numbers from the text.

• Double space between the title and the first entry and begin flush with the left margin.

• Use a half-inch indent for any subsequent lines in a single entry, maintaining the double spacing throughout the page.

• Alphabetize the list by author's last name. If the author is unknown, alphabetize by the first significant word in the title.

• Capitalize each significant word in the title.

• In the following examples, references to the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed., sections are in square brackets.

JOURNAL AND OTHER PERIODICAL ARTICLES: PRINT SOURCES

NOTE:   Use author names as given in the source, either the full names or initials.

• One Author  [6.5.2]
  
  Witschi, Nicolas. "John of the Mines: Muir's Picturesque Rewrite of the Gold Rush." Western
  
            American Literature 34 (1999): 316-343. Print.

• Two or Three Authors   [6.5.2]
  
  Klimoski, Richard, and Susan Palmer. "The ADA and the Hiring Process in Organizations."
  
            Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research 45.2 (1993): 10-36. Print.

• Four or More Authors   [6.6.4]
  
  Wolchik, Sharlene A., et al. "An Experimental Evaluation of Theory-Based Mother and
  
            Mother-Child Programs for Children of Divorce." Journal of Consulting and Clinical
  
            Psychology 68 (2000): 843-856. Print.

• Magazine Article (weekly or every 2 week)   [6.5.6]
  
  Acocella, Joan. "Dance Man." New Yorker 8 Dec. 2003: 102. Print.

• Book Review   [6.5.7]
  
  Schatz, Bruce R. "Learning by Text or Context?" Rev. of The Social Life of Information,
  
            by John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid. Science 17 Nov. 2000: 1304.

• Daily Newspaper Article  [6.5.5]
  
  Kisselgoff, Anna. "Still the Radical in Classical Garb." New York Times 2 Jan. 2004,
  
            late ed.: B1. Print.

• Entire Issue   [6.5.13]
  
  O'Hara, Daniel T., ed. "Global Freud: Psychoanalytical Cultures and Classic Modernism."
  
            Spec. issue of Journal of Modern Literature 25.3-4 (2002): 1-152. Print.

JOURNAL AND OTHER PERIODICAL ARTICLES: ELECTRONIC SOURCES

Citing electronic sources is similar to citing print sources but include the medium and access date. If the date of publication is not available, use n.d. Include the URL only if the reader cannot locate the source without the URL. Enclose the URL in angle brackets and end with a period. [6.7.1]

• Articles Retrieved from a Library Database (ERIC, JSTOR, etc.)   [6.7.4]
  
  Hamera, Judith. "An Answerability of Memory: 'Saving' Khmer Classical Dance." TDR:
  
            The Drama Review 46.4 (2002): 65- 85. Project Muse. Web.
  
            29 July 2008.

• Article from Public Domain or E-journal   [6.7.3]
  
  Dickman, Steven. "Tough Mining: The Challenges of Searching the Scientific
  
            Literature." PloS Biology 1.2 (2003): e48. Web. 12 Dec. 2003.
  
            < http://www.plosbiology.org >.

• Newspaper article (web only)   [6.7.2b]
  
  "The Scientists Speak." Editorial. New York Times. New York Times, 20 Nov. 2007.
  
            Web. 20 Nov 2007.

• Dissertation or Thesis   [6.7.2c]
  
  Napolitano, Marc Philip. "Of Waifs and Wizards." Diss. Villanova U, 2006.
  
           Proquest Dissertations and Thesis. Web. 12 Aug. 2008.

BOOKS AND NONPERIODICALS

• Book by One Author  [6.6.2]
  
  Mazzotta, Giuseppe. Dante, Poet of the Desert: History and Allegory in the
  
            Divine Comedy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1979. Print.

• Book by Two or Three Authors  [6.6.4]
  
  Rice, Richard B., William A. Bullough, and Richard J. Orsi. The Elusive Eden: A New
  
            History of California. 2nd ed. NY: McGraw, 1996. Print.

• Book by More than Three Authors  [6.6.5]
  
  Quirk, Randolph, et. al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London:
  
            Longman, 1985. Print.

• Two or More Books by the Same Author  [6.4.4]
  
  McCausland, Elizabeth. Charles W. Hawthorne, an American Figure Painter. NY: American
  
            Artists Group, inc., 1947. Print.
  
  ---. George Inness, an American Landscape Painter, 1825-1894. NY:
  
            American Artists Group, inc., 1946. Print.

• Electronic Book  [6.8.18]
  
  McLean, Mervyn. Weavers of Song: Polynesian Music and Dance. Honolulu:
  
            U of Hawaii P, 1999. Web. 13 Jan. 2004.

• Chapter in an Anthology  [6.6.3]
  
  Harris, Kenton. "No Dance is a Fake." Ethics and the Arts: An Anthology. Ed. David E. W.
  
            Fenner. NY: Garland Pub., 1995. 115-139. Print.

• Anonymous Author  [6.6.9]
  
  New York Public Library Performing Arts Desk Reference. NY: Macmillan, 1994. Print.

• Book Review  [6.5.7]
  
  Woodhouse, Mark. Rev. of Monk Dancers of Tibet, by Mattheiu Ricard. Library
  
            Journal 128.19(2003): 72. Print.

• Book in a Series  [6.6.15]
  
  Gutiérrez, Ramón A. and Richard J. Orsi, eds. Contested Eden: California Before the
  
            Gold Rush. Berkeley: U of California P, 1998. Print. CA Hist. Sesquicentennial Ser.1.

• Government Report   [6.6.20]
  
  United States. Cong. Senate. Senate Art in Stamps. Washington: GPO, 2000. Print.

• Film  [6.8.3]
  
  Chocolat. Dir. Lasse Hallstrom. Perf. Alfred Molina and Juliette Binoche. 2000.
  
            Miramax, 2003. DVD.

• Sound Recording  [6.8.2]
  
  Counting Crows, perf. "Holiday in Spain." Hard Candy. Geffen, 2002. CD.

• Podcast  [6.7.2b]
  
  "All Things Considered." National Public Radio. Natl. Public Radio,
  
            10 April 2009. Web. 15 April 2009.

• Oral Presentation - Lecture, Speech, Address  [6.8.11]
  
  Terkel, Studs. Conf. on Coll. Composition and Communication Convention. Palmer House,
  
            Chicago. 22 Mar. 1990. Address.

CITING WEB PUBLICATIONS [6.7]

Citing sources from the Web can be confusing. Does one site a specific page within a site or the entire web site? Will the resource remain fixed or will it change in a week, month, year? Is there a specific author or a corporate author? These are just some of the questions that can make it difficult to determine the correct citation format. Remember, the goal is to be as comprehensive as possible; provide as much information as possible, and be consistent in your formatting. Section 6.7 of the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed (2nd Floor Dictionary Stand PN 147 G444 2008) provides detailed guidance and examples on how to cite Web sources. Refer to that section if you have any questions about citing sources from the Web that are not shown on this guide.

FORMATTING THE PAPER

• The paper's text should be flush left and unjustified on the right. Skip two spaces between each sentence.

• Top, bottom, and side margins should be one inch.

• Indent the first line of each paragraph a half-inch.

• Double-space text throughout, with no extra spaces between paragraphs.

• The heading and title are also double-spaced; no additional spaces are placed between heading and title or the title and the first paragraph of the paper.

• The heading consists of Student's Name, Instructor's Name, Course Name, and Date. It is placed in upper left corner of the first page of the paper.

• Place student's last name and the page number in upper right-hand corner of each page (use the Header/Footer tool in Word), a half-inch from top of page.

• Center the title of the paper.

SAMPLE PAPERS AND WEB SITES